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Low-SEVERITY Longitudinal Cracks
or Joints 

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If you have low-severity longitudinal cracks while aggregate interlock is still intact, you need to perform:

 

Cross-Stitching or Slot-Stitching

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Cross- and slot-stitching can be used to maintain aggregate interlock, providing added reinforcement and strength to longitudinal cracks and unreinforced longitudinal joints. Tie bars used in stitching inhibit the crack or joint from vertical and
horizontal movement or widening. Cross-stitching uses deformed tie bars (typically 0.75-inch in diameter) epoxied or grouted into holes drilled at an angle through a crack or longitudinal joint, whereas with slot-stitching the bars are grouted into slots cut across the crack/joint. Cross- and slot-stitching should be used on longitudinal cracks/joints that are in reasonably good condition. Transverse cracks/joints should not be treated using this repair method.

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If aggregate interlock is lost, refer to the cracked slab section.

Resources

Cross Stitching

This summary of a cross-stitch case study by the Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) details cross/slot stitching to repair longitudinal cracks and restore load transfer efficiency. Techniques highlighted in the study include diamond grinding to enhance smoothness and ride quality, along with joint resealing to prevent water ingress. The combined techniques resulted in a cost-effective and sustainable repair solution, extending the pavement's service life and ensuring a smoother, safer driving experience for motorists.

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Technical Info

Airport/Airfield, Bridge, City/Municipal, Highway, Industrial, Race Track

Cross/Slot Stitching

Structural/Material Issues

FHWA Pavement Preservation Checklist Series: Cross Stitching for Portland Cement Concrete Pavements

This checklist for cross stitching for portland cement concrete is one in a series created to guide state and local highway preservation/maintenance and inspection staff on the use of innovative pavement preservation techniques. FHWA uses its partnerships with different pavement preservation organizations including American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and state and local transportation agencies to promote pavement preservation.

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Technical Info

Airport/Airfield, Bridge, City/Municipal, Highway, Industrial, Race Track

Cross/Slot Stitching

Structural/Material Issues

Buried Treasure Results in Road Improvement Savings: Uncover Value with CPP

With steady increase in asphalt prices over the years, the mill and overlay option is becoming far too expensive. Diamond grinding of pavement surfaces often meet and exceed the smoothness, friction and noise characteristics of the best asphalt surface treatments and can be half the cost of an asphalt overlay. The Buried Treasure concept using concrete pavement preservation (CPP) is a sound integration of engineering, economics and the environment.

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Fact Sheet

Highway, City/Municipal

Concrete Pavement Preservation and Restoration, Diamond Grinding, Joint and Crack Resealing, Full & Partial Depth Repair

Tire/Pavement Noise, Sustainability/Environmental

Concrete Repair Best Practices

Concrete pavement restoration (CPR) techniques have gained greater national significance as DOT agencies attempt to further extend infrastructure service lives prior to required major rehabilitation or reconstruction. This report consolidates best practice case studies for six CPR techniques: cross stitching, dowel bar retrofit, diamond grinding, full depth repair, partial depth repair and slab stabilization.

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Technical Info

City/Municipal, Highway

Concrete Pavement Preservation and Restoration, Diamond Grinding, Dowel Bar Retrofit, Full & Partial Depth Repair, Joint and Crack Resealing

Structural/Material Issues

CPR Built to Last: A Progressive Concrete Pavement Preservation Strategy Improves City Streets in Minneapolis

Concrete Pavement Preservation (CPP) has long been used on deteriorated highways, but it also offers an alternative to asphalt overlays when rehabilitating city streets constructed of concrete. Techniques include: Slab stabilization, Full-depth repair (FDR), Partial-depth repair (PDR), Dowel bar retrofit (DBR), Cross-stitching longitudinal cracks or joints, Conventional diamond grinding (CDG) and Joint and crack resealing.

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Case Study

City/Municipal

Cross/Slot Stitching, Diamond Grinding, Dowel Bar Retrofit, Full & Partial Depth Repair, Joint and Crack Resealing, Slab Stabilization

Friction/Safety, Sustainability/Environmental

CPP for City Streets: Smooth Pavements Last Longer!

Concrete pavements can achieve maximum longevity using strategic repair techniques. Today's urban streets have, in many cases, encountered 40 to 60 years of wear and tear. Concrete Pavement Preservation (CPP) is a series of engineered techniques to rehabilitate concrete pavement. It is a viable alternative to costly asphalt overlays. Basic CPP techniques include: slab stabilization, full depth repair, partial depth repair, dowel bar retrofit, cross-stitching longitudinal cracks or joints, diamond grinding, joint resealing and crack resealing.

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Fact Sheet

City/Municipal

Concrete Pavement Preservation and Restoration

Smoothness, Structural/Material Issues, Sustainability/Environmental

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